To win at an outpost you first need to navigate through the walkers and accomplish two things:
  1. Claim the flag
  2. Either Loot Trade Goods or Beat the defenders.
Remember, once you have completed either of the second two steps you have passed the mission. You can then flee and your team doesn't take any injuries.
 
If all your survivors are injured before you complete the mission or can't flee after completing your goals, then you will lose.